.research-section { border-top:1px solid var(--line); }
.research-section .section-head em { color:var(--gold); font-weight:400; }
.research-intro { max-width:600px; margin:0; color:var(--muted); font-size:13px; line-height:1.95; }
.research-head-note { max-width:365px; color:var(--muted); font-size:12px; line-height:1.9; margin:0; }
.history-section { background:linear-gradient(150deg,#091b13,#0b1b15 70%,#152518); }
.history-grid { display:grid; grid-template-columns:1.15fr 1fr 1fr; grid-template-rows:270px 270px; gap:20px; }
.history-tile { display:flex; align-items:end; position:relative; isolation:isolate; overflow:hidden; min-width:0; background:var(--deep); }
.history-tile::after { content:''; z-index:-1; position:absolute; inset:0; background:linear-gradient(0deg,rgba(3,13,9,.98),rgba(3,13,9,.3) 58%,rgba(3,13,9,.06)); }
.history-tile > img { position:absolute; z-index:-2; inset:0; width:100%; height:100%; object-fit:cover; transition:transform .45s ease; }
.history-tile:hover > img,.history-tile:focus-visible > img { transform:scale(1.035); }
.history-tile--lion { grid-row:span 2; }
.history-tile--lion > img { object-position:51% 35%; }
.history-tile--map > img { object-position:50% 26%; opacity:.8; }
.history-tile--sunrise { grid-column:span 2; }
.history-tile--sunrise > img { object-position:50% 50%; }
.history-tile-copy { width:100%; padding:27px; }
.history-tile-copy .research-kicker { margin-bottom:10px; }
.history-tile h3 { font-size:34px; margin-bottom:12px; letter-spacing:-.5px; }
.history-tile--lion h3 { font-size:48px; }
.history-tile p:not(.research-kicker) { font-size:11px; color:#d0d5c6; line-height:1.8; margin-bottom:15px; max-width:380px; }
.tile-arrow { display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:space-between; color:var(--gold); font-size:10px; letter-spacing:.03em; }
.tile-arrow b { font-size:20px; font-weight:400; }
.history-emblem { position:absolute; z-index:-2; inset:0; overflow:hidden; background:linear-gradient(0deg,#6b2924 0 33.333%,#a78c35 33.333% 66.666%,#205b34 66.666%); }
.history-emblem::before { content:''; position:absolute; inset:0; background:linear-gradient(125deg,rgba(0,0,0,.2),rgba(0,0,0,.45)); }
.history-emblem svg { display:block; position:absolute; width:130px; height:130px; left:50%; top:14px; transform:translateX(-50%); opacity:.72; }
.history-language-bar { display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:center; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:17px 30px; padding:23px 0; border-bottom:1px solid var(--line); }
.history-language-bar p { margin:0; color:var(--muted); font-size:11px; }
.edition-links { display:flex; align-items:center; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:9px; }
.edition-links a { display:inline-flex; align-items:center; gap:10px; min-height:36px; padding:7px 12px; border:1px solid var(--line); color:var(--gold); font-size:10px; transition:border-color .2s,background .2s; }
.edition-links a:hover { border-color:var(--gold); background:rgba(231,193,106,.05); }
.history-threads { display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr)); gap:35px; padding-top:30px; }
.history-threads h3 { font-size:27px; margin-bottom:10px; }
.history-threads p { color:var(--muted); font-size:11px; line-height:1.9; margin:0; }
.research-kicker { color:var(--gold); font:600 9px/1.6 var(--body); letter-spacing:1.9px; text-transform:uppercase; }
.science-section { background:var(--deep); }
.science-feature { display:grid; grid-template-columns:1.05fr 1fr; border:1px solid var(--line); }
.science-visual { position:relative; isolation:isolate; overflow:hidden; min-height:425px; display:flex; align-items:end; background:#0e2827; }
.science-visual > img { position:absolute; inset:0; width:100%; height:100%; z-index:-3; object-fit:cover; object-position:50% 38%; opacity:.6; }
.science-visual::after { content:''; position:absolute; inset:0; z-index:-1; background:linear-gradient(0deg,#071713,rgba(4,22,20,.1)); }
.orbit-lines { position:absolute; width:340px; height:340px; top:-60px; right:-70px; border:1px solid rgba(231,193,106,.28); border-radius:50%; z-index:-2; }
.orbit-lines::before,.orbit-lines::after { content:''; position:absolute; inset:40px; border:1px solid rgba(231,193,106,.2); border-radius:50%; }
.orbit-lines::after { inset:85px; }
.science-visual-copy { padding:40px; }
.science-visual-copy h3 { font-size:53px; letter-spacing:-1px; margin-bottom:18px; }
.science-visual-copy p:last-child { margin:0; font-size:11px; color:#c4cebd; }
.science-feature-copy { padding:38px 40px; align-self:center; }
.science-feature-copy h3 { font-size:34px; margin-bottom:17px; }
.science-feature-copy > p:not(.research-kicker) { font-size:12px; line-height:1.95; color:var(--muted); }
.science-feature-copy .edition-links { margin-top:22px; }
.research-status { display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:10px 17px; margin-top:20px; font-size:9px; color:var(--muted); }
.research-status span + span::before { content:'\00B7'; color:var(--gold); margin-right:17px; }
.telecom-paper { display:grid; grid-template-columns:90px 1fr auto; align-items:center; gap:27px; border:1px solid var(--line); border-top:0; padding:28px 34px; }
.signal-symbol { width:68px; height:68px; color:var(--gold); }
.telecom-paper h3 { font-size:32px; margin-bottom:9px; }
.telecom-paper p { color:var(--muted); font-size:11px; line-height:1.8; max-width:630px; margin-bottom:0; }
.telecom-paper .research-kicker { color:var(--gold); margin-bottom:9px; }
.science-topics { display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr)); gap:25px; margin-top:34px; }
.science-topic { border-top:1px solid var(--line); padding-top:21px; }
.science-topic h3 { font-size:29px; margin-bottom:12px; }
.science-topic > p:not(.research-kicker) { color:var(--muted); font-size:11px; line-height:1.85; margin-bottom:15px; }
.science-topic-links { display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:9px 17px; }
.science-topic-links a { color:var(--gold); font-size:10px; border-bottom:1px solid var(--line); padding-bottom:3px; }
.sound-study { margin-top:53px; display:grid; grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr; gap:40px; align-items:center; padding-top:42px; border-top:1px solid var(--line); }
.sound-study h3 { font-size:40px; margin-bottom:12px; }
.sound-study p:not(.research-kicker) { color:var(--muted); font-size:12px; line-height:1.9; }
.sound-credit { color:var(--gold)!important; font-size:10px!important; }
.sound-study audio { display:block; width:100%; max-width:480px; height:42px; margin:22px 0 12px; }
.sound-facts { display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:9px 22px; color:var(--muted); font-size:9px; margin:12px 0; }
.research-note { font-size:10px!important; color:var(--muted); margin:14px 0 0; }
.sound-figure { margin:0; min-width:0; }
.sound-figure > a { display:block; background:white; }
.sound-figure img { width:100%; height:auto; }
.sound-figure figcaption { color:var(--muted); font-size:9px; line-height:1.8; margin-top:10px; }
.sound-figure figcaption .text-link { font-size:inherit; padding-bottom:1px; }
.research-section a:hover .tile-arrow,.science-topic-links a:hover { color:var(--cream); }
.bibliography-section { background:linear-gradient(145deg,#10251b,var(--ink) 75%); }
.bibliography-tools { display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:center; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:20px; padding-bottom:25px; border-bottom:1px solid var(--line); margin-bottom:8px; }
.source-filters { display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:8px; }
.source-filters button { padding:8px 15px; min-height:38px; border:1px solid var(--line); background:transparent; color:var(--muted); font-size:10px; }
.source-filters button[aria-pressed='true'] { background:var(--gold); color:var(--deep); border-color:var(--gold); }
.source-filters button:hover { border-color:var(--gold); }
.source-count { color:var(--muted); font-size:10px; margin:0; }
.reference-grid { display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr)); gap:0 42px; }
.reference-entry { display:grid; grid-template-columns:38px 1fr; gap:12px; min-width:0; padding:24px 0; border-bottom:1px solid var(--line); }
.reference-entry[hidden] { display:none; }
.reference-number { color:var(--gold); font-size:9px; letter-spacing:1px; padding-top:4px; }
.reference-entry h3 { font-size:25px; line-height:1.16; letter-spacing:-.25px; margin-bottom:9px; }
.reference-entry .reference-author { color:#c8d0c0; font-size:10px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:6px; }
.reference-entry .reference-detail { color:var(--muted); font-size:10px; line-height:1.8; margin-bottom:11px; }
.reference-links { display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; align-items:center; gap:6px 15px; }
.reference-links a { min-height:27px; color:var(--gold); font-size:10px; border-bottom:1px solid rgba(231,193,106,.3); }
.reference-links a:hover { color:var(--cream); border-color:var(--cream); }
.bibliography-note { max-width:820px; color:var(--muted); font-size:10px; line-height:1.9; margin:25px 0 0; }
.research-sr { position:absolute; width:1px; height:1px; padding:0; margin:-1px; overflow:hidden; clip:rect(0,0,0,0); white-space:nowrap; border:0; }
.nav { gap:19px; font-size:11px; }
@media(min-width:1141px) and (max-width:1280px) { .nav { gap:13px; font-size:10px; } .brand { width:220px; } .header-inner { gap:22px; } }
@media(max-width:1140px) { html { scroll-padding-top:95px; } .header-inner { min-height:86px; } .brand { width:215px; } .brand img { height:78px; } .menu { display:block; } .nav { display:none; position:absolute; top:89px; left:0; width:100%; background:#07140f; padding:22px 32px 28px; flex-wrap:wrap; border-bottom:1px solid var(--line); gap:18px 26px; font-size:12px; } .nav.open { display:flex; } }
@media(max-width:1000px) { .history-grid { grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr; grid-template-rows:240px 240px; } .history-tile--sunrise { grid-column:1/-1; min-height:225px; } .science-feature-copy,.science-visual-copy { padding:30px; } .science-visual-copy h3 { font-size:45px; } .telecom-paper { grid-template-columns:65px 1fr; gap:20px; } .telecom-paper .edition-links { grid-column:2; } .sound-study { gap:25px; } }
@media(max-width:700px) { .history-threads { grid-template-columns:1fr; gap:23px; } .history-tile-copy { padding:23px; } .science-feature { grid-template-columns:1fr; } .science-visual { min-height:310px; } .science-visual-copy h3 { font-size:48px; } .science-topics { grid-template-columns:1fr; gap:24px; } .science-topic { padding-top:23px; } .sound-study { grid-template-columns:1fr; gap:25px; } .reference-grid { grid-template-columns:1fr; } .research-head-note { max-width:460px; } }
@media(max-width:560px) { .nav { top:83px; padding-inline:20px; } .header-inner { min-height:80px; } .brand { width:195px; } .brand img { height:72px; } .history-grid { grid-template-columns:1fr; grid-template-rows:auto; gap:16px; } .history-tile { min-height:250px; } .history-tile--lion { grid-row:auto; min-height:420px; } .history-tile--sunrise { grid-column:auto; min-height:270px; } .history-tile--lion h3 { font-size:47px; } .history-tile--lion > img { object-position:50% 32%; } .history-emblem svg { top:25px; } .history-tile-copy { padding:26px; } .history-language-bar { padding-block:21px; } .history-threads h3 { font-size:29px; } .science-feature-copy,.science-visual-copy { padding:29px 25px; } .science-feature-copy h3 { font-size:33px; } .telecom-paper { padding:26px 22px; grid-template-columns:1fr; gap:13px; } .signal-symbol { width:53px; height:53px; } .telecom-paper .edition-links { grid-column:1; margin-top:5px; } .telecom-paper h3 { font-size:32px; } .sound-study { padding-top:32px; margin-top:36px; } .sound-study h3 { font-size:39px; } .reference-entry { grid-template-columns:30px 1fr; gap:8px; padding-block:23px; } .reference-entry h3 { font-size:25px; } .reference-author { overflow-wrap:anywhere; } .research-intro { font-size:12px; } .research-head-note { font-size:11px; } }
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce) { .history-tile > img { transition:none; } }